/***********************************************************************
===============
BASE64 Encoding
===============
Available on: http://freecode-freecode.blogspot.com/2008/02/base64c.html
Last access in: November, 10th 2009.
************************************************************************/

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "base64.h"

/**
 * characters used for Base64 encoding
 */  
const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

/**
 * encode three bytes using base64 (RFC 3548)
 *
 * @param triple three bytes that should be encoded
 * @param result buffer of four characters where the result is stored
 */  
void _base64_encode_triple(unsigned char triple[3], char result[4])
{
	int tripleValue, i;
	
	tripleValue = triple[0];
	tripleValue *= 256;
	tripleValue += triple[1];
	tripleValue *= 256;
	tripleValue += triple[2];
	
	for (i=0; i<4; i++)
	{
		result[3-i] = BASE64_CHARS[tripleValue%64];
		tripleValue /= 64;
	}
}

/**
 * encode an array of bytes using Base64 (RFC 3548)
 *
 * @param source the source buffer
 * @param sourcelen the length of the source buffer
 * @param target the target buffer
 * @param targetlen the length of the target buffer
 * @return 1 on success, 0 otherwise
 */  
int base64_encode(unsigned char *source, int sourcelen, char *target, int targetlen)
{
	/* check if the result will fit in the target buffer */
	if ((sourcelen+2)/3*4 > targetlen-1)
		return 0;
	
	/* encode all full triples */
	while (sourcelen >= 3)
	{
		_base64_encode_triple(source, target);
		sourcelen -= 3;
		source += 3;
		target += 4;
	}
	
	/* encode the last one or two characters */
	if (sourcelen > 0)
	{
		unsigned char temp[3];
		memset(temp, 0, sizeof(temp));
		memcpy(temp, source, sourcelen);
		_base64_encode_triple(temp, target);
		target[3] = '=';
		
		if (sourcelen == 1)
			target[2] = '=';
		
		target += 4;
	}
	
	/* terminate the string */
	target[0] = 0;
	
	return 1;
} 

/**
 * determine the value of a base64 encoding character
 *
 * @param base64char the character of which the value is searched
 * @return the value in case of success (0-63), -1 on failure
 */  
int _base64_char_value(char base64char)
{
	if (base64char >= 'A' && base64char <= 'Z')
		return base64char-'A';
	
	if (base64char >= 'a' && base64char <= 'z')
		return base64char-'a'+26;
	
	if (base64char >= '0' && base64char <= '9')
		return base64char-'0'+2*26;
	
	if (base64char == '+')
		return 2*26+10;
	
	if (base64char == '/')
		return 2*26+11;
	
	return -1;
} 

/**
 * decode a 4 char base64 encoded byte triple
 *
 * @param quadruple the 4 characters that should be decoded
 * @param result the decoded data
 * @return lenth of the result (1, 2 or 3), 0 on failure
 */  
int _base64_decode_triple(char quadruple[4], unsigned char *result)
{
	int i, triple_value, bytes_to_decode = 3, only_equals_yet = 1;
	int char_value[4];
	
	for (i=0; i<4; i++)
		char_value[i] = _base64_char_value(quadruple[i]);
	
	/* check if the characters are valid */
	for (i=3; i>=0; i--)
	{
		if (char_value[i]<0)
		{
			if (only_equals_yet && quadruple[i]=='=')
			{
				/* we will ignore this character anyway, make it something
				 * that does not break our calculations */
				 
				char_value[i]=0;
				bytes_to_decode--;
				continue;
			}
			return 0;
		}
		
		/* after we got a real character, no other '=' are allowed anymore */
		only_equals_yet = 0;
	}
	
	/* if we got "====" as input, bytes_to_decode is -1 */
	if (bytes_to_decode < 0)
		bytes_to_decode = 0;
	
	/* make one big value out of the partial values */
	triple_value = char_value[0];
	triple_value *= 64;
	triple_value += char_value[1];
	triple_value *= 64;
	triple_value += char_value[2];
	triple_value *= 64;
	triple_value += char_value[3];
	
	/* break the big value into bytes */
	for (i=bytes_to_decode; i<3; i++)
		triple_value /= 256;
	
	for (i=bytes_to_decode-1; i>=0; i--)
	{
		result[i] = triple_value%256;
		triple_value /= 256;
	}
	
	return bytes_to_decode;
} 

/**
 * decode base64 encoded data
 *
 * @param source the encoded data (zero terminated)
 * @param target pointer to the target buffer
 * @param targetlen length of the target buffer
 * @return length of converted data on success, -1 otherwise
 */  
int base64_decode(char *source, unsigned char *target, int targetlen)
{
	char *src, *tmpptr;
	char quadruple[4], tmpresult[3];
	int i, tmplen = 3;
	int converted = 0;
	
	/* concatenate '===' to the source to handle unpadded base64 data */
	src = (char *)malloc(strlen(source)+5);
	if (src == NULL)
		return -1;
	
	strcpy(src, source);
	strcat(src, "====");
	tmpptr = src;
	
	/* convert as long as we get a full result */
	while (tmplen == 3)
	{
		/* get 4 characters to convert */
		for (i=0; i<4; i++)
		{
			/* skip invalid characters - we won't reach the end */
			while (*tmpptr != '=' && _base64_char_value(*tmpptr)<0)
				tmpptr++;
			
			quadruple[i] = *(tmpptr++);
		}
		
		/* convert the characters */
		tmplen = _base64_decode_triple(quadruple, (unsigned char*)tmpresult);
		
		/* check if the fit in the result buffer */
		if (targetlen < tmplen)
		{
			free(src);
			return -1;
		}
		
		/* put the partial result in the result buffer */
		memcpy(target, tmpresult, tmplen);
		target += tmplen;
		targetlen -= tmplen;
		converted += tmplen;
	}
	
	free(src);
	return converted;
}
